*
*
Some words about export-import in Belarus
(not large report of external ties of Republic
in 1995)
We can find some fundamental features of foreing trade during 1992
- 1995 :
- Supporting considerable trade volum in imports and exports in
1992, as a result of industrial capacity that was accumulated in past years
and fulfilling orders that where made by domestic contracts within the
framework of the former USSR;
- A severe decline in trade volum in 1993? due to the negative influences
of the transition period (severed lines of production? increasing energy
costs? increasing prices for raw materials, etc.);
- A stabilisation in foreing trade volumes in 1994 - and substantil
growth in 1995;
- A decrease in mutual trade flows with the CIS (former USSR) countries?
including with the Russia. The per capita foreing trade balance in 1995
totalled 889USD? including 423USD in exports/ Belarus holds first place
in total per capita trade volum among CIS countries, but only third place
in total per capita volum in export, after Russia and Turkmenistan/ 1995
per capita trade volum in Russia totalled -834USD, export -522USD, in Turkmenistan
-610USD and 436USD 436USD, in Kazakhastan -536USD and 304USD, in Ukraine
-425USD.
Foreing trade volume in Belarus for 1995 amounted to 9,2 billion
USD, including exports - 4,4billion USD, or 47,6% of foreing trade volum.
Our Republic had a trade deficit in 1995 (5,6% of GDP) to the sum
of 423,3 million USD. The negative trade balance with the countreis of
the CIS totalled -640,7 million USD, while there was a positive trade balance
of 208,4 million USD with the countries of the "far abroad".
The deficit with the Cis countries in 1995 was thus balanced somewhat (32,5%)
by a positive trade balance with the countries of the far abroad.
It is noteworthy that an improvement in the Republic's foreing trade
balance took place in comparison with 1994: The deficit decreased by 124
milliom USD or 22,3%.These relative gains were made possible by an increase
in exports to the countries far abroad.
Regional structure of foreing trade
The Republic of Belarus maintains trade relations with 121 countries
of the world and had had a trade deficit with only 32 according to 1995
totales. In comparison wih 1994, the number of trade trade partners increased
by 13. The greatest number of imports in 1995 were from Russia ( -862,7
million USD), which remained? as usual? Belarus' largest trading partner.
Russia's share came to 55% of the Republic's total trade volume with the
CIS counties. Russia received 61,5% of imports and 90,6% of imports from
the countries of the CIS.
Among Belarus' trading partners, Germany continues to hold second
place 7,6% of totall foreigh volume and 21% of trade volume with the countries
of the far abroad. The trade deficite with Germany in 1995 equalled 131,5
million USD - the largest among foreing parthners - and is explained by
deliveries of mashinery and equipment on a credit line extended by the
German goverment.
Ukraine has steadily remained in the third place among countries
of the outside world, and second among countries of CIS. Ukraine's share
comes to 6,7% of the Republic's foreeing trade volume and 18,7% of trade
turnover with the CIS countries/ Mutual trade between the two countries
has consistently been positive, and totalled 163,1 million USD in 1995.
In 1995? Poland's share of the republic's overall trade turnover
came to 4,4% and totalled 12,4% of trade volum with the countries of the
far abroad, Lithuania - 2,5% and 7%, the USA 1,6% and 4,6%, the netherlands
1,6% and 4,4,6%? Latvia 1,4% and 3,9%? respectively.
The structure of export operations in the Republic of Belarus in
1995 is outlined in the following tables according to the main product
categories.
The Republic had a negative trade balance with Hungary (-42,2 million
USD), France (-32,9 million USD0, the Czech republic (-28,7), and Itali
(-28,4)/
The highest trade surpluses among countries of the far abroad were
China (75,8 million USD), Lithuania (62,4), Egypt (46,4), Pakistan (37)
and brasil (35,9).
There is a consistent growth in belarussian exports to Africa and
the Near East. For example, for 1995 the export volum to Nigeria exceeded
the 1994 totals by 9,3 times (representing the delivery of 17,9 tons of
calcium fertilisers); to Egypt - 3,7 times (deliveries of ferrous metals
metals grew 3,9 times), to the United Arab Emirates - 2,8 times (orders
for control and measuring apparatus increased 2,7 times) to Algeria - 2
times (2,3 times more ferrous metals were delivered than last year).
Trade structure:
potassium fertiliser soil
Chemical products dominate the structure of Belarusian exports -
20,9% (877 mil. USD)..Mineral fertilisers hold a relative share of 9,6%
(403,7 mil. USD), including calcium fertilisers (7,2%).
Transport commodities hold second plase among exports - 15,5% (650,8
mil. USD). Trucks, tractors and their component parts, motocycles and bicycles,
are the main exports in this category.
The third largest export category includes mashine equipment and
apparatus - 14,3% (601,5 mil. USD). The most important positions in this
group are held by domestic refrigerators, ballbearings, electrical transformers,
electronic integral chips and televisions.
Foursth place in export volume is held by textiles and textile componennts
- 13,8 % (578,5 mil. USD). Of these, Belarus' largest export is synthetic
fibres and fabrics, wolen and knitted garments, flax, and cotton fabrics.
The highest priority in import volume remained in the energy sector
sector - 37% of total import (1 747,1 million USD), including oil - 19,1%,
gas -15,2% and electricity - 2,9%/
Second place among imports are components in chemical production
- 17,2% (807,8 mil. USD). The fundamental imports here include elements
for coal processing, pharmaceutical products and rubber.
Mashinery, equipment and component parts hold third place
among the Republic's imports: 11,5% (537,1 mil. USD
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